On September 1, 2026, the Eleventh Circuit issued its long-anticipated decision in U.S. ex rel. Zafirov v. Florida Medical Associates LLC, holding that the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act are constitutional because relators are not officers of the United States who occupy continuing positions established by law. The decision overturned the
Next Stop, Supreme Court? Eleventh Circuit Upholds the Constitutionality of the FCA’s Qui Tam Provisions
On September 1, 2026, the Eleventh Circuit issued its long-anticipated decision in United States v. Florida Medical Associates, LLC, – F.4th –, 2026 WL 2581886 (11th Cir. Sept. 1, 2026) (the “Zafirov appeal”) overturning the district court and holding that the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act (“FCA”) do not violate the Appointments Clause of Article II of the United States Constitution because relators are not officers of the United States that occupy “continuing positions.” The Eleventh Circuit did not reach other arguments made by the parties and remanded the case to the District Court for the Middle District of Florida to address two other constitutional arguments challenging the FCA’s qui tam provisions based on Article II’s Vesting and Take Care Clauses.
Continue Reading Next Stop, Supreme Court? Eleventh Circuit Upholds the Constitutionality of the FCA’s Qui Tam ProvisionsDOJ’s Civil Rights Fraud Initiative Claims Another DEI-Related FCA Settlement
On Tuesday, August 25, 2026, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that Deloitte LLP and several of its subsidiaries agreed to pay, collectively, $21.5 million to resolve allegations that Deloitte violated the False Claims Act (FCA) by failing to comply with new anti-discrimination requirements incorporated into its federal contracts, by discriminating against employees and applicants on the basis of race and sex, and by allocating and seeking reimbursement for costs related to those practices under its federal government contracts. This resolution is the second of its kind under DOJ’s recently launched Civil Rights Fraud Initiative, following a similar settlement by IBM in April 2026.
Continue Reading DOJ’s Civil Rights Fraud Initiative Claims Another DEI-Related FCA Settlement(Not) All’s Weld That Ends Weld: Duty Evasion Scheme Ends in Historic $549.5M FCA Settlement
The Department of Justice (DOJ) and the cross-agency Trade Fraud Task Force have upped the ante by an order of magnitude in the government’s pursuit of customs fraud. On May 1, 2026—only a few months after setting its previous record-high customs-related False Claims Act (FCA) settlement of $54.4 million with Ceratizit USA, LLC—the DOJ shattered that record with a $549.5 million settlement with Perfectus Aluminum Inc., its subsidiary Perfectus Aluminum Acquisitions LLC, and a set of four affiliated warehousing companies. The Perfectus settlement resolves allegations that the defendants violated the FCA by evading antidumping and countervailing duties (AD/CVD). The settlement resolves three separate qui tam complaints filed by two individual relators and the Aluminum Extruders Council, an international industry association. Defendants were previously criminally convicted on charges related to the same scheme, and those convictions were affirmed by the Ninth Circuit in 2024.
Continue Reading (Not) All’s Weld That Ends Weld: Duty Evasion Scheme Ends in Historic $549.5M FCA SettlementThe Top FCA Developments of 2025
False Claims Act (FCA) settlements and judgments hit record highs yet again in FY 2025, surpassing the previous record by over $1 billion and setting a new high-water mark for the number of new FCA cases filed. These records were built both on existing enforcement priorities such as pandemic-related fraud and healthcare enforcement actions and new guidance from the Executive Branch instructing the Department of Justice to enforce its 2025 priorities including Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI), civil rights, and customs issues. Procurement fraud, cybersecurity issues, and small business fraud also remained focal points, with significant settlements in each of those areas.
Continue Reading The Top FCA Developments of 2025Let’s Talk FCA: Developments Regarding Constitutional Challenges to the Qui Tam Provisions
In this episode, Jason Crawford, Agustin Orozco, and Will Tucker discuss the latest developments in connection with constitutional challenges to the qui tam provisions since the district court ruling in U.S. ex. rel. Zafirov v. Florida Medical Associates LLC. “Let’s Talk FCA” is Crowell & Moring’s podcast covering the latest developments with the False Claims
Record-Setting False Claims Act Settlement Highlights DOJ Commitment to Customs Enforcement
On December 19, 2025, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced a $54.4 million settlement with Ceratizit USA, LLC, a distributor of tungsten carbide products, resolving allegations that the company violated the False Claims Act (FCA) by evading customs duties on products imported from China. This settlement is believed to be the largest ever customs-related FCA resolution, and this high-water mark underscores the government’s heightened enforcement focus on tariff evasion.
Continue Reading Record-Setting False Claims Act Settlement Highlights DOJ Commitment to Customs EnforcementEleventh Circuit Hears Argument on False Claims Act Qui Tam Constitutionality
On the morning of December 12, 2025, the Eleventh Circuit heard argument in United States ex rel. Zafirov v. Florida Medical Associates, LLC, et al., No. 24-13581 (11th Cir. 2025). This case concerns the constitutionality of the False Claims Act (FCA) qui tam provisions and a groundbreaking September 2024 opinion in which the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida held that the FCA’s qui tam provisions were unconstitutional under Article II. See United States ex rel. Zafirov v. Fla. Med. Assocs., LLC, 751 F. Supp. 3d 1293 (M.D. Fla. 2024). That decision, penned by District Judge Kathryn Kimball Mizelle, was the first success story for a legal theory that has been gaining steam ever since Justices Thomas, Barrett, and Kavanaugh indicated they would be willing to consider arguments about the constitutionality of the qui tam provisions in U.S. ex rel. Polansky v. Exec. Health Res., 599 U.S. 419 (2023). In her opinion, Judge Mizelle held (1) qui tam relators are officers of the U.S. who must be appointed under the Appointments Clause; and (2) historical practice treating qui tam and similar relators as less than “officers” for constitutional purposes was not enough to save the qui tam provisions from the fundamental Article II infirmity the court identified. That ruling was appealed and, after full briefing, including by the government and a bevy of amici, the litigants stepped up to the plate this morning for oral argument.
Continue Reading Eleventh Circuit Hears Argument on False Claims Act Qui Tam ConstitutionalityThe Top FCA Developments of 2024
FY 2024 saw continued growth in False Claims Act enforcement, with a record year for new qui tam and government-initiated actions, and the highest total recovery in three years. Enforcement of pandemic-related fraud and cybersecurity noncompliance increased, and health care, procurement, and small business fraud violations were again priority areas. A groundbreaking opinion from the
Let’s Talk FCA
Constitutionality of the Qui Tam Provisions
In this episode, Jason Crawford, Agustin Orozco, and Will Tucker discuss U.S. ex. rel. Zafirov v. Florida Medical Associates LLC, the recent decision in which a court found the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act to be unconstitutional. The hosts analyze the court’s reasoning and consider